Chimica Organica Chimica Organica Chimica Organica @ UNITO

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  • English (UK)
  • Organic Chemistry
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  • Lessons
    • Virtual textbook of organic chemistry
    • Explore the molecules in 3D with MINI
    • Atomic Orbitals
      • s - Orbitals
      • 2p - Orbitals
      • 3p - Orbitals
      • 3d orbitals
      • 4f orbitals
      • Comparison between s and p Orbitals
    • Molecular Orbitals
      • Hydrogen
      • Ethylene
      • Acetylene
      • Methane
      • Butadiene
      • Benzene
      • Aromaticity and Molecular Orbitals
    • Conjugation
      • Butadiene vs Ethylene Comparison
      • Linear Polyenes
      • Introduction to the Color in Organic Molecules
      • Synthesis of an Azodye
    • Stereochemistry
      • Introduction to Stereochemistry
      • Conformations
        • Example of Conformations
        • Conformations of Ethane
        • Conformations of Butane
          • Eclipsed and Staggered Conformations of Butane
          • Conformational Analysis of Butane
          • Interactive Conformational Analysis of Butane
        • Cyclohexane Conformations
        • Structure and Conformations of Decalin
        • Cis-Decalin Ring Inversion
      • Chirality
        • Enantiomers - Mirror Images
        • Enantiomers - R and S Configurations
          • Example 1
          • Example 2
          • Example 3
        • Chiral or Achiral?
          • Achiral Cyanohydrin
          • Achiral Cyanohydrin - 2
          • Chiral Cyanohydrin
        • Molecules with a Symmetry Plane
        • Diastereoisomers
        • Meso Forms
  • Exercises
    • Drawing Molecules in 2D and 3D
    • Chirality? Hands-On! A step-by-step Guide
    • E/Z isomerism of alkenes: A step-by-step guide
    • Nomenclature
      • Structure- > Name Nomenclature
      • Name Your Molecule
    • Stereochemistry
      • Enantiomers
      • Configurational Isomers
    • Exercises ... Somewhere on the Web!
      • Exercises At MSU
    • NMR
      • 1H Spectrum simulation
      • 13C Spectrum simulation
      • 1H-13C COSY - HMBC Spectra simulation
  • Mechanisms
    • Hydroboration of Alkenes
    • Alkanes
      • Chlorination of alkanes
    • Alkenes
      • Electrophilic Addition Reactions to Alkenes
        • Stereospecific Addition
        • Addition of Bromine to Ethylene
        • Addition of HBr
          • Addition of HBr to a Symmetrical Alkene
          • Addition of HBr to an Unsymmetrical Alkene
          • Comparing Symmetric vs Asymmetric Alkene
        • Regioselective Addition
        • Epoxidation Reaction
      • Hydroboration of Alkenes
      • Reactions of Carbenes with Alkenes
        • Formation of Carbenes
        • Reactions of Carbenes
        • Simmons-Smith Reaction
      • Fragmentation of 1.2-diols with Periodate.
    • Alkyl Halides
      • Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
        • SN2 Nucleophilic Substitution
        • Comparing SN1 vs SN2
        • Carbocation Structure and Stability
        • SN2 Reactions
      • Elimination Reactions
        • E1 Mechanism
          • E1 Reaction
          • E1cb Reaction
        • The E2 Mechanism
          • E2 Reaction
          • Stereoselectivity of the E2 reaction
          • Stereospecificity of the E2 reaction
          • E2 Elimination Regioselectivity - A
          • E2 Elimination Regioselectivity - B
    • Aromatic Compounds
      • Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
        • Nitration of Benzene
        • Sulfonation of Benzene
        • Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
        • Friedel-Crafts Acylation
      • Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution
        • Elimination-Addition: Benzyne
        • Addition-Elimination: Activated Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution
    • Dienes
      • Introduction to Diels Alder Reaction
      • Identifying products in the Diels-Alder Reaction
      • Diels-Alder Reaction Regioselectivity
      • Explanation of Regioselectivity in the Diels-Alder Reaction
      • s-cis and s-trans Configurations
      • Endo vs Exo Formation
      • Bromination of Dienes - addition 1,4
    • Alcohols
      • Esterification with Acyl Chlorides
      • Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl
      • Esterification - Acid Catalysis
    • Aldehydes and Ketones
      • Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl
        • Reduction with NaBH4
        • Addition of Organometallic Reagents - Grignard and Organolithium
        • Addition of Cyanide - Cyanohydrin formation
        • Addition of Alcohols - Formation of Hemiacetals
        • Addition of Alcohols - Formation of Acetals
        • Addition of Amines - Formation of Enamines
        • Addition of Amines - Formation of Imines
        • Addition of Nitrogen Nucleophiles - Oximes
        • Addition of Nitrogen Nucleophiles - Hydrazones
        • Ilides - Wittig Reaction
        • Reduction to Alkanes - Wolff-Kishner Reaction
      • Conjugate Addition to Carbonyl
        • Influence of Conjugation on the Reactivity of Carbonyl
        • Enolization
        • Direct Addition to Enol
        • Conjugate Addition - Examples
        • Conjugate Addition of Enolates
        • Robinson Annulation
      • Enolates and Enols
        • Aldol Condensation - Basic Catalysis (Lithium Enolates)
        • Aldol Condensation - Acid Catalysis
        • Intramolecular Aldol Reaction
        • Acylation of Enolates - Claisen Condensation
        • Knoevenagel Condensation
        • Bromination of Ketones - Acid Catalysis
        • Bromination of Ketones - Basic Catalysis
    • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
      • Esterification - Acid Catalysis
      • Formation of Acyl Chlorides
      • Formation of Amides
    • Pericyclic Reactions
      • Introduction to Pericyclic Reactions
      • Cycloaddition reactions
        • Diels-Alder Reaction
        • Formation of 1, 2, 3-Triazole-Click Chemistry
      • Sigmatropic Reactions
        • Sigmatropic Transposition [1,5]
        • Sigmatropic Transposition [1,7]
        • Claisen Transposition - Aromatic
        • Claisen Transposition - Acyclic
        • Aromatic Claisen-transposition
        • Acyclic Claisen-transposition
      • Electrocyclic Reactions
        • Sterospecific Electrociclic Reactions
        • Conrotatory Mechanism - Cyclobutene
        • Disrotatory Mechanism - Hexatriene
  • Resources
    • Exercises of nomenclature-Nomenclature 101-Univ-Ottawa
    • OPSIN: Open Parser for Systematic IUPAC nomenclature-Univ-Cambridge
    • Synthesis exercises (Beginner)-Uni-Wien
    • Exercises of nomenclature and Reactivity-UCD Dublin
    • Chemagic-Illinois State University
    • Virtual textbook of organic chemistry-MSU
    • Exercises of nomenclature "Trivial Names" (English)-Uni-Wien
    • Exercises of Stereochemistry (d. Bays-Notre Dame Univ, USA)
  • Ask The Teacher
  • Help
    • FAQ
    • Tutorial - drawing with JSME
    • Tutorial - JSME-Complete List Commands

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Licenza Creative Commons
iOrgChem di Pierluigi Quagliotto - Dipartimento di Chimica - Università di Torino è distribuito

con Licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 Internazionale.

JSmol: an open-source HTML5 viewer for chemical structures in 3D; principal developer Bob Hanson.

JSME: developed by Bruno Bienfait and Peter Ertl

JSME: a free molecule editor in JavaScript, Journal of Cheminformatics 5:24 (2013)